mehdi zahedi; Mohammad Hossein Erfanmanesh
Abstract
Due to the need for legal action to protect traditional knowledge and medicine, efforts to prevent unauthorized use and to consolidate the possession of the owner countries on this knowledge have been made in the international arena. One of the key and most challenging proposed mechanisms for protection ...
Read More
Due to the need for legal action to protect traditional knowledge and medicine, efforts to prevent unauthorized use and to consolidate the possession of the owner countries on this knowledge have been made in the international arena. One of the key and most challenging proposed mechanisms for protection of traditional knowledge and medicine is disclosure requirements through the sui generis system of traditional knowledge protection. According to this proposal which targets misappropriation of traditional medicine through patent applications involving the utilization of traditional knowledge, patent applicants would be required to disclose the country providing such resources, and to provide relevant information regarding compliance with prior informed consent and access and fair and equitable benefit. The question that this Article tries to examine is to what extent the disclosure requirement could provide effective protection for traditional medicine and prevent biopiracy? Also, as it is proposed that these requirement to be incorporated in TRIPS Agreement within World Trade Organization and draft articles for protection of traditional knowledge in World Intellectual Property Organization, this Article will analyses the process and challenges of both proposals.
Mahdi Zahedi; zahra mahmoodi
Abstract
The relationship between TRIPS Agreement and Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is part of a broader relationship, that is, the correlation between Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) together with the World Trade Organization (WTO).In spite of growing attention to biodiversity and its ...
Read More
The relationship between TRIPS Agreement and Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is part of a broader relationship, that is, the correlation between Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) together with the World Trade Organization (WTO).In spite of growing attention to biodiversity and its importance for human survival, there is a conflict between TRIPS Agreement and CBD. The environmental patents, such as biological and microbiological processes, micro-organisms in the framework of TRIPS, the possibility of environmental patentsand ignoring the rights of countries, which are the origin of genetic resources, are the most conflicting issues. TRIPS, without observing the objectives of the CBD, has authorized patent to inventions using genetic resources. In addition, the registration of some areas, such as biotechnology inventions, is allowed without considering the adverse effects on biodiversity. The continuity of this situation threatsthe world’s biodiversity. In addition to comparingthe controversial matters in these two documents, this article examines the current approach and presentssome solutions by focusing on TRIPS.
shirin sharifzadeh
Abstract
Abstract:International conventions and provisions in the context of literary and artistic works law can legislate direct and indirect criteria for protection.These criteria that have been founded in the traditional definitions and categorizations of art,can not contemplate a vast area of the contemporary ...
Read More
Abstract:International conventions and provisions in the context of literary and artistic works law can legislate direct and indirect criteria for protection.These criteria that have been founded in the traditional definitions and categorizations of art,can not contemplate a vast area of the contemporary arts.What we know as contemporary art today has a set of unique features that do not follow the traditional artistic framework and rules.The contradicting features of this form of art lead it to a form of pluralism.some artwork like events are self-demolishing or contain a deteriorating element.The necessity of originality,idea/expression dichotomy and fixation of literal and artistic work in materialistic mediums are challenged in many forms of contemporary art,and in some cases,the art piece never finds a materialistic form.Due to the extent of the concept of art in the modern world.This article tries to investigate how international laws could protect artwork and find out how much current literal and artistic laws can support them.
